Traffic Rules

I GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. The Traffic Rules of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter — the Rules) establish a unified procedure for road traffic on the territory of the Republic of Armenia, regulating the relations connected with the use of traffic lights, controller signals, hazard warning signals, special signals, external light devices and audible signals of vehicles used in the course of road traffic, movement under various conditions, regulation of the speed of movement, overtaking, stopping and parking, passage through intersections, crossing of pedestrian crossings, towing of vehicles, driving instruction, carriage of persons and goods, as well as traffic control signs.

2. Right-hand traffic of vehicles is established on the roads of the Republic of Armenia.

3. The following terms are used in the Rules:

1) main road —

a road designated, in relation to a road crossing (adjoining) it, by signs 2.1 "Main Road", 2.3.1 "Intersection with a Secondary Road", 2.3.2 – 2.3.7 "Adjoinment of a Secondary Road", or 5.1 "Motorway", or a road with a hard surface (asphalt concrete, cement concrete, stone materials, etc.) in relation to a road with an earth surface, or any road in relation to a road leading onto it from an adjoining area. The presence, on an unpaved road immediately before an intersection, of a paved section does not render that road equivalent to the paved road it crosses;

2) right of way —

the right to proceed in a preferred direction ahead of other participants in traffic;

3) not to create an obstruction —

a requirement addressed to participants in traffic, according to which they must not in any way obstruct: passengers and pedestrians — the movement of vehicles, and drivers — the movement of pedestrians and other vehicles;

4) organized motor convoy —

a group of not fewer than 3 power-driven vehicles travelling directly one behind another in the same traffic lane with their headlights permanently switched on, led at the front by a vehicle with flashing blue and red beacons switched on;

5) commencement of movement —

the moment a vehicle begins to move from a place of stopping or parking, whether or not connected with moving into an adjacent traffic lane;

6) maneuvering —

the commencement of movement of a vehicle (in connection with pulling out of an adjacent traffic lane), changing lanes, changing the direction of movement, stopping (while changing lanes), and reversing;

7) changing lanes —

a vehicle's departure from the traffic lane it occupies, or from the row it occupies within the boundaries of a marked traffic lane, while maintaining the original direction of movement;

8) change of direction of movement —

a change of a previously chosen direction of movement (except for reversing), effected by means of a turn or a U-turn;

9) turn —

a maneuver carried out by a vehicle for the purpose of moving onto another road or from the road onto an adjoining area;

10) U-turn —

a maneuver carried out by a vehicle for the purpose of changing its direction of movement to the opposite direction;

11) overtaking —

passing ahead of one or more vehicles in motion, involving departure from the occupied lane;

12) obstruction —

a stationary object located on any lane of the carriageway (a damaged or defective vehicle, a foreign object, damage to the road surface, etc.) that deprives drivers of the possibility of continuing to travel in that same lane.

13) danger to traffic —

a situation arising in the course of traffic in which continuing to move in the same direction and (or) at the same speed will create a real danger of a road traffic accident occurring.

14) passing —

passing ahead of one or more vehicles in motion without departing from the occupied lane.

15) dangerous cargo —

a dangerous substance, raw material, or dangerous waste which, owing to its particular properties, may during carriage cause harm to human life and health, cause pollution of the environment, or damage vehicles or buildings and structures.

16) organized transportation of groups of children —

the organized transportation by a power-driven vehicle (other than a vehicle of general public use) of two or more children of preschool and school age.

17) restricted visibility —

visibility of the road, from the position of a participant in traffic, in the direction of movement, restricted by vehicles, the geometric parameters of the road, the relief of the terrain, vegetation adjoining the road, structures, and other objects;

18) pedestrian and cycle path (combined cycle-pedestrian path) —

an element of the road structurally separated from the carriageway (or a separate road) intended for the movement of cyclists separately from pedestrians or jointly with them, and designated by signs 4.5.2–4.5.7.

19) lane for cyclists —

a lane of the carriageway separated from the rest of the carriageway by a horizontal marking and designated by sign 5.14.2, intended for the movement of bicycles and mopeds.

20) hybrid automobile —

a vehicle having not fewer than 2 different energy converters (engines) and 2 different energy storage systems for the purposes of propelling the vehicle.

4. Traffic lights use light signals in green, yellow, red, and lunar-white colors.

5. Depending on their purpose, traffic lights are classified as vehicular, pedestrian, and those regulating the movement of cyclists, and their signals may be round (without an image), as well as bearing images — in the form of an arrow (arrows), the silhouette of a pedestrian or a bicycle, and in the shape of an "X".

6. Traffic lights with round signals may have one or two additional sections (compartments) with signals in the form of a green arrow (arrows), which are installed at the level of the green signal.

7. The round signals of a traffic light have the following meanings:

1) a green signal permits movement (digital boards may be used to inform drivers and pedestrians of the time (in seconds) remaining until the green signal ends);

2) a flashing green signal permits movement and indicates that its duration is ending and that the prohibitory signal will soon come on;

3) a yellow signal prohibits movement (except in the case provided for in point 19 of the Rules) and warns of an upcoming change of signal;

4) a flashing yellow signal permits movement and indicates the presence of an unregulated intersection or pedestrian crossing, and also warns of some hazard;

5) a red signal, including a flashing one, prohibits movement (digital boards may be used to inform drivers and pedestrians of the time (in seconds) remaining until the red signal ends);

6) a combination of red and yellow signals prohibits movement and indicates that the green signal is about to come on.

(point 7 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

8. Traffic light signals in the form of red, yellow, and green arrows have the same meaning as the round signals of the corresponding color, but their effect extends only to the direction (directions) indicated by the arrows. In this case, an arrow permitting a left turn also permits a U-turn, unless this is prohibited by the corresponding road sign. A green arrow in an additional section has the same meaning. An unlit signal in an additional section prohibits movement in the direction regulated by that section.

9. Instead of red and yellow arrows, round red and yellow signals bearing the same meaning, with black contour arrows, may be used.

10. A black contour arrow (arrows) on the main green signal of a traffic light informs drivers of the presence of an additional section and indicates permitted directions of movement not provided for by the signal of the additional section.

(point 10 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

11. Signals in the form of a bicycle silhouette are used to regulate the movement of cyclists, and signals in the form of a pedestrian silhouette are used to regulate the movement of pedestrians. A traffic light with round signals of reduced size, together with a sign bearing the image of a bicycle silhouette, may also be used to regulate the movement of cyclists.

(point 11 as amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

12. In places where blind pedestrians frequently appear on roads, in order to inform them of the possibility of crossing the carriageway, the green light signal of the traffic light may be accompanied by an audible signal that differs from the audible (special) signals of vehicles.

(point 12 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

13. To regulate the movement of vehicles along individual lanes of the carriageway, in particular lanes on which the direction of movement may be changed to the opposite, reversible traffic lights are used — with signals in the form of a red "X" and a downward-pointing green arrow, which respectively prohibit or permit movement in the lane above which they are located. The main signals of reversible traffic lights may be supplemented by a signal in the form of a diagonally downward — right or left — pointing yellow arrow, whose activation indicates that the signal is about to change and that it is necessary to move into the lane indicated by the arrow. If the signals of the reversible traffic light located above a lane marked on both sides with marking 1.9 are switched off, entry into that lane is prohibited.

14. To regulate the movement of trams, as well as other public-use vehicles traveling in a dedicated lane, traffic lights with four single-color, lunar-white round signals arranged in the shape of the letter "T" may be used. Movement is permitted only when one or more of the lower and upper signals are lit simultaneously, in which case the left one permits movement to the left, the middle one straight ahead, and the right one to the right. If one or more upper signals of the traffic light are lit without the lower signal, movement is prohibited.

15. A round, flashing lunar-white signal located at a railway crossing permits, while a red one prohibits, the movement of vehicles across the crossing. If the flashing lunar-white and red signals are switched off, movement is permitted within the limits of visibility, provided there is no approaching train (locomotive, railway trolley).

(point 15 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

16. The signals of a traffic controller have the following meanings:

1) arm raised upward — movement of vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited, except in the cases provided for in point 19 of the Rules;

2) arms extended to the sides or lowered:

a. from the left and right sides, the movement of non-rail vehicles is permitted straight ahead and to the right, and of trams, straight ahead. Pedestrians are permitted to cross the carriageway from the right and left sides of the controller,

b. from the back and chest side, the movement of all vehicles and pedestrians is prohibited;

3) right arm extended forward:

a. from the left side, the movement of non-rail vehicles is permitted in all directions, and of trams, to the left,

b. from the chest side, the movement of all vehicles is permitted to the right,

c. from the back and right side, the movement of all vehicles is prohibited,

d. pedestrians are permitted to cross the carriageway from the back side of the controller.

(point 16 as amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

17. For better visibility of signals, the traffic controller may use a baton, including one with a red signal or a reflective disk, and to attract the attention of road users, may also give a signal with a whistle. The traffic controller may also give other hand signals understandable to drivers and pedestrians.

18. In the case of a prohibitory signal of a traffic light (other than a reversible one) or of a traffic controller, the driver must stop before the "Stop line" marking (or sign 6.16 "Stop line"), and in its absence —

1) before the intersecting carriageway, taking into account point 93 of the Rules, without creating an obstacle for pedestrians;

2) before a railway crossing — in accordance with the requirements of point 111 of the Rules;

3) in other places — before the traffic light or the traffic controller, without creating an obstacle for vehicles and pedestrians moving in permitted directions.

(point 18 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

19. When a yellow signal comes on or the traffic controller raises an arm, drivers who are unable to stop without resorting to emergency braking at the places indicated in point 18 of the Rules may continue moving. Upon that signal, pedestrians who are on the carriageway must clear it, and if this is not possible, must stop on the line dividing the traffic flows of opposing directions.

20. Drivers and pedestrians must comply with the instructions and signals of the traffic controller, even where these conflict with the signals of a traffic light or with the requirements of road signs or markings.

21. At railway crossings, an audible signal may be given simultaneously with the flashing red signal of the traffic light, additionally informing road users of the prohibition of movement across the crossing.

22. The hazard warning signal must be switched on:

1) in the event of a road traffic accident;

2) in the event of a forced stop in places where stopping is prohibited;

3) in the event of the driver being dazzled by the headlights of another vehicle;

4) when towing (on the vehicle being towed).

The driver must also switch on the hazard warning signal in cases where it is necessary to warn other road users of danger.

23. After switching on the hazard warning signal (and also when it is faulty or absent), the "Emergency Stop" warning sign (a flashing red lamp) must be set up without delay:

1) in the event of a road traffic accident;

2) in the event of a forced stop in places where stopping is prohibited, as well as in places where, given visibility conditions, the vehicle cannot be noticed in time by other drivers. After fulfilling this requirement, the driver must comply with the requirements of clause 83 of the Rules.

Given the need to warn drivers in a timely manner, the "Emergency Stop" sign (flashing red lamp) is placed at a distance of not less than 15 m from the vehicle within populated areas, and at a distance of 30 m outside populated areas.

24. In the absence of or in the event of a malfunction of the hazard warning signal, the "Emergency Stop" sign is placed at the rear of the towed vehicle.

25. It is prohibited to use the hazard warning signal for the purpose of gaining priority, or for the purpose of stopping in places where stopping is prohibited (except in the case of a forced stop).

(clause 25 added on 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

26. Drivers of vehicles with an activated blue flashing beacon, while carrying out an urgent official assignment and ensuring traffic safety, may deviate from the requirements of Sections II (except for controller signals), V-XVI, XIX and XXI of these Rules. In order to obtain priority over other road users, they must activate the blue flashing beacon and the special audible signal, consisting of an alternation of high and low tones and differing from the audible signals of vehicles. Drivers of such vehicles may exercise this priority only after making sure that other road users are yielding the way to them. This right is also enjoyed by drivers of vehicles being escorted by vehicles with activated blue and red flashing beacons and a special audible signal.

(Point 26 amended and supplemented on 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

27. Vehicles of the road police of the Police of the Republic of Armenia under the Government of the Republic of Armenia (hereinafter - the road police), of the State Protective Service of the Republic of Armenia and of the military automobile inspectorate of the military police of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Armenia may also have a red flashing beacon activated.

28. When a vehicle with an activated blue flashing beacon and special audible signal approaches, drivers must yield the way in order to ensure the unobstructed passage of the said vehicle.

(Point 28 amended on 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

29. When a vehicle with activated blue and red flashing beacons and a special audible signal approaches, drivers must reduce speed and yield the way in order to ensure the unobstructed passage of the said vehicle as well as of the vehicles being escorted by it.

30. When approaching a stationary vehicle with an activated blue, or blue and red, flashing beacon, drivers must reduce speed so as to be able, if necessary, to stop immediately.

(Point 30 amended on 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

31. When approaching a stationary vehicle with an activated red flashing beacon, drivers of vehicles moving in that direction must stop and may continue moving only after receiving permission.

(Point 31 amended and supplemented on 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

32. Yellow or orange flashing beacons do not confer priority in traffic and serve to warn other road users of danger.

33. Yellow or orange flashing beacons must be activated:

1) on vehicles performing road construction, repair, maintenance or cleaning works, as well as works involving the loading and transportation of faulty, wrecked and other vehicles;

2) on vehicles transporting loads whose dimensions exceed the indicators established by point 163 of these Rules, oversized loads, and on vehicles escorting them;

3) on vehicles transporting dangerous goods and undecontaminated containers, and on vehicles escorting them.

(Point 33 restated in a new wording on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

34. Drivers of the vehicles referred to in subpoint 1 of point 33 of these Rules, with yellow or orange flashing beacons activated, while ensuring traffic safety, may deviate from the requirements of points 42, 55-60, 63 and 116 of these Rules and from the requirements of markings and signs, with the exception of road signs 2.2 "End of Major Road", 2.4 "Give Way", 2.5 "No Stopping", 2.6 "Priority over Oncoming Traffic", 3.11 "Weight Limit", 3.12 "Axle Load Limit", 3.13 "Height Limit", 3.14 "Width Limit", 3.17.2 "Danger", 3.20 "Overtaking Prohibited". Drivers of the vehicles referred to in subpoint 2 of point 33 of these Rules, with yellow or orange flashing beacons activated, while ensuring traffic safety, may deviate from the requirements of point 60 of these Rules and from the requirements of markings.

(Point 34 restated in a new wording on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

35. Drivers of vehicles equipped with moonlight-white flashing beacons may activate them, together with the special audible signal, only in the event of an attack on those vehicles. These beacons do not confer priority in traffic and serve solely to attract the attention

of police officers and other persons.

36. Before starting to move or performing a manoeuvre, the driver must, in order to warn other road users, give a signal using the direction indicator of the corresponding direction, or, if it is absent or malfunctioning, by hand. Giving a signal is not obligatory if the vehicle, without changing lanes, is moving along a curved section of the road. The signal must be given in advance, before the movement or manoeuvre begins, and must cease immediately after it is completed (a hand signal is discontinued immediately before the movement or manoeuvre begins). The signal must be given clearly, must not mislead other road users, and the manoeuvre itself must not create an obstacle for them. Giving a signal does not confer priority over other road users.

(Clause 36 supplemented on 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

37. The signal for a left turn (U-turn) corresponds to the left arm extended sideways, or the right arm bent at a right angle at the elbow and raised upward. The signal for a right turn corresponds to the right arm extended sideways, or the left arm bent at a right angle at the elbow and raised upward. The signal for braking corresponds to the right or left arm raised upward.

38. When exiting onto a road from an adjoining area, the driver must give way to vehicles travelling on that road, and when entering an adjoining area from a road — to cyclists. In both cases, no obstacle must be created for pedestrians.

(Clause 38 restated on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

39. When changing lanes, the driver must give way to vehicles travelling in the same direction in adjacent lanes without changing direction. Where vehicles travelling in the same direction change lanes simultaneously, the driver of the vehicle on the left must give way.

(Clause 39 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

40. Before turning or making a U-turn, the driver must move in advance into the corresponding outer lane of the carriageway intended for movement in the given direction, except in cases where:

1) the driver is entering an intersection with circular (roundabout) traffic;

2) a road sign or road marking permits this to be done from other lanes as well;

3) it is not possible to do so owing to the dimensions of the vehicle or for other reasons.

Where tramway tracks of the same direction of travel are located at the same level on the left side of the carriageway, a left turn or U-turn must be made from those tracks, unless a different traffic arrangement is provided for by signs 5.15.1 "Directions of Travel by Lane" or 5.15.2 "Direction of Travel by Lane", or by marking 1.18. In that case, no obstacle must be created for the tram.

(Clause 40 supplemented and amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

41. A turn must be performed in such a way that, upon leaving the intersection of carriageways, the vehicle does not end up on the opposing side of traffic. When turning right, the vehicle must travel as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway.

(Clause 41 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

42. A turn onto a road with reversible-lane traffic must be performed in such a way that, upon leaving the intersection of carriageways, the vehicle ends up in the right-hand outer section, after which, if necessary, a lane change may be made, provided the driver is certain that movement in the given direction is also permitted in another lane.

(Clause 42 supplemented and amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

43. At intersections, as well as outside them, when making a turn or a U-turn, where it is not possible to comply with the requirements of Clause 40 of these Rules owing to the dimensions of the vehicle or for other reasons, the driver must switch on the hazard warning lights and give way to vehicles approaching from both the same and the opposite direction.

(Clause 43 restated on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

44. When making a left turn or a U-turn outside an intersection, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to oncoming vehicles and to a tram travelling in the same direction.

(Clause 44 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

45. In cases where the paths of vehicles intersect and the order of passage is not established by the Rules, the driver to whom a vehicle is approaching from the right must give way.

46. If oncoming traffic is obstructed, the driver who has an obstacle on their side must give way. On sections of road with a longitudinal gradient equipped with signs 1.13 "Steep Descent" and 1.14 "Steep Ascent", regardless of the position of the obstacle, the driver of the vehicle travelling in the direction of the descent must give way.

(Clause 46 supplemented on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

47. Where a deceleration lane is present, a driver intending to make a turn must move into that lane in advance and reduce speed only within it. At a point of entry onto a road, where an acceleration lane is present, the driver must continue travelling along it and then move into the adjacent lane, giving way to vehicles travelling on the road.

(Clause 47 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

48. Reversing of vehicles is permitted if it can be performed safely and does not create an obstacle for other road users. If necessary, the driver must seek the assistance of other persons.

49. Reversing is prohibited at intersections, when exiting onto a road from an adjoining area, and in the places listed in Clause 50 of these Rules.

50. A U-turn is prohibited:

1) on pedestrian crossings;

2) in tunnels;

3) on bridges, overpasses, flyovers, and beneath them;

4) at railway level crossings;

5) in places where visibility of the road in at least one direction is less than 100 m;

6) on sections of the carriageway where stopping points for public-transport vehicles are located;

7) on roads with one-way traffic.

51. The number of traffic lanes for non-rail vehicles shall be determined by road markings and (or) by road signs 5.15.1 "Directions of Travel by Lane", 5.15.2 "Direction of Travel by Lane", 5.15.7 "Direction of Travel by Lanes" and 5.15.8 "Number of Lanes", and in their absence, by drivers themselves, taking into account the width of the carriageway, the overall dimensions of vehicles and the necessary lateral clearance between them.

(paragraph 51 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

52. On roads with two-way traffic, in the absence of markings, the left half of the width of the carriageway shall be deemed the side for oncoming traffic, not counting widened sections of the carriageway (acceleration and deceleration lanes, widened areas for stops of public-transport vehicles, and the like).

(paragraph 52 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

53. On roads with two-way traffic having four or more lanes, it is prohibited to drive onto the side of the road intended for oncoming traffic.

54. On roads with two-way traffic having three lanes marked by road markings (except for marking 1.9), of which the middle lane is used for traffic in both directions, entering that lane is permitted only for overtaking, driving around an obstacle, turning left or making a U-turn. It is prohibited to enter the left outer lane, which is intended solely for oncoming traffic.

55. Outside populated areas, as well as in populated areas on roads equipped with signs 5.1 "Motorway" or 5.3 "Road for Motor Vehicles", or where travel at a speed exceeding 80 km/h is permitted, drivers of vehicles must drive them as close as possible to the right edge of the carriageway. In such cases, it is prohibited to occupy the left lanes of travel while right lanes remain free.

56. In populated areas, taking into account the requirements of Part 8 of Article 24 of the Law of the Republic of Armenia "On Ensuring Road Traffic Safety" and of paragraphs 55, 57-58 and 116 of these Rules, drivers of vehicles may travel in the lane convenient for them. During heavy traffic, when all lanes are occupied, changing lanes is permitted before left and right turns, a U-turn, driving around an obstacle, or a stop.

(paragraph 56 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

57. On all roads, where three or more lanes of travel exist in the same direction, occupying the left outer lane is permitted only during heavy traffic, when the other lanes are occupied, as well as when overtaking, turning left or making a U-turn, while for cargo motor vehicles with a permissible maximum mass exceeding 3.5 t and for vehicles performing scheduled passenger transport — only for the purpose of turning left or making a U-turn. On roads with one-way traffic, entering the left outer lane for the purpose of stopping or parking shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 79 of these Rules.

(paragraph 57 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

58. Vehicles whose speed of travel must not exceed 40 km/h, or which for technical reasons cannot attain such a speed, must travel in the right outer lane, except in cases of driving around an obstacle, overtaking, or changing lanes before turning left, making a U-turn, or, in permitted cases, before stopping on the left side.

(paragraph 58 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

59. Travel along tramway tracks of the same direction of travel, located at the same level as the left side of the carriageway, is permitted if all lanes of that direction are occupied, as well as when overtaking, driving around an obstacle, turning left, or making a U-turn, taking into account paragraph 40 of these Rules. In doing so, no obstruction may be created for a tram. If signs 5.15.1 "Directions of Travel by Lane" or 5.15.2 "Direction of Travel by Lane" are installed before an intersection, travel along the tramway tracks at the intersection is prohibited. Travel along tramway tracks of the oncoming direction is prohibited.

(paragraph 59 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

60. If the carriageway is divided into lanes by road markings, the travel of vehicles must be carried out within the designated lanes. Broken lines may be crossed only when changing lanes.

61. The travel of vehicles along shoulders, sidewalks and pedestrian paths is prohibited, except when maneuvering for the purpose of parking at the edge of a sidewalk as specified in paragraph 81 of these Rules. It is permitted, in the absence of any other possibility, for vehicles of road-maintenance and utility services to travel there, and for vehicles servicing commercial and other facilities located immediately adjacent to shoulders, sidewalks or pedestrian paths to approach them by the shortest route, without creating an obstruction for pedestrians and while ensuring traffic safety.

(paragraph 61 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, revised and supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

62. The driver must maintain such a distance from the vehicle traveling ahead, and such a lateral clearance from vehicles traveling alongside, as will make it possible to avoid a collision with them.

63. Outside populated areas, on roads with two-way traffic having one lane for each direction, drivers of vehicles subject to a speed restriction, or of vehicles exceeding 7 m in length, must maintain such a distance from the vehicle traveling ahead as will allow vehicles overtaking them, if necessary, to move back without obstruction into the lane they previously occupied. This requirement does not apply on sections of road where overtaking is prohibited, nor during heavy traffic or while traveling as part of an organized transport column.

64. On a road with two-way traffic, in the absence of a median strip, the driver must pass safety islands, bollards and elements of road structures (piers of bridges, overpasses and the like) located on the carriageway on the right-hand side, unless signs and road markings dictate otherwise.

(paragraph 64 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

65. The driver shall operate the vehicle at a speed not exceeding the established limit, taking into account the intensity of traffic and the condition and characteristics of the vehicle and its load, road and meteorological conditions, in particular the condition of the road surface and visibility in the direction of travel.

66. The driver shall select a speed that enables him to ensure full control of the vehicle in accordance with the requirements of these Rules.

67. If an obstacle or danger to traffic arises which the driver was able to detect, he shall take measures to reduce speed, up to and including stopping the vehicle. In such a case, overtaking and passing around are permitted if the driver is certain that it is safe for other road users.

(paragraph 67 supplemented on 15.12.11 N 1798-Ն)

68. In populated areas, the movement of vehicles is permitted at a speed of no more than 60 km/h, and in areas whose entry and exit are marked with signs 5.21 "Residential Zone" and 5.22 "End of Residential Zone", as well as in courtyard areas, at a speed of no more than 20 km/h.

69. Outside populated areas, movement is permitted

1) at a speed of no more than 90 km/h — for light passenger cars and trucks with a maximum permissible mass of no more than 3.5 t (at a speed of no more than 110 km/h — on motorways);

2) at a speed of no more than 90 km/h — for buses, minibuses and motorcycles carrying out suburban, inter-regional and intercity transportation — on all roads;

3) at a speed of no more than 70 km/h — for all other buses, light passenger cars with a trailer attached, and trucks with a maximum permissible mass exceeding 3.5 t (at a speed of no more than 90 km/h — on motorways).

(paragraph 69 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-Ն)

70. In populated areas and on individual sections of roads outside populated areas, through the use of sign 3.24 "Maximum Speed Limit", movement at a speed higher than the established maximum may be permitted.

71. Movement is permitted

1) at a speed of no more than 60 km/h — for trucks with an equipped body carrying persons and for vehicles carrying organized groups of children;

2) at a speed of no more than 50 km/h — when towing mechanical vehicles coupled to one another.

(paragraph 71 amended on 20.11.08 N 1373-Ն, 15.12.11 N 1798-Ն)

72. The driver is prohibited from

1) exceeding the maximum speed established by the technical specification of the given vehicle;

2) exceeding the speed prescribed by the "Speed Limit" identification sign installed on the vehicle;

3) when transporting oversized, dangerous or heavy cargo — exceeding the speed determined during the approval of the transportation conditions;

4) driving at an unnecessarily low speed without need, thereby obstructing the movement of other vehicles;

5) braking abruptly when this is not necessary to prevent a road traffic accident.

73. Overtaking means passing one or more moving vehicles, involving moving out into the lane of oncoming traffic and subsequently returning to the previously occupied lane.

74. Before beginning an overtaking maneuver, the driver must make sure that:

1) the lane of oncoming traffic that he intends to occupy is clear for a distance sufficient for overtaking and that he will not thereby create a hazard for vehicles travelling in the oncoming direction;

2) the vehicle following behind in the same lane has not begun to overtake, and the vehicle ahead has not signalled an overtaking maneuver (a left turn or a U-turn);

3) upon completing the overtaking maneuver, he will be able to return to the previously occupied lane without creating a hazard for the vehicle being overtaken.

75. The driver of the vehicle being overtaken is prohibited from obstructing the overtaking maneuver by increasing speed or by any other action.

76. If, outside built-up areas, overtaking a slow-moving vehicle or a vehicle of large dimensions is difficult, the driver of that vehicle (and, in the case of an escort, also the driver of the escorting vehicle) must keep as far to the right as possible and, if necessary, stop and let the vehicles following behind pass.

77. Overtaking is prohibited:

1) at intersections;

2) at pedestrian crossings;

3) at railway crossings and within 100 m before them;

4) of vehicles that are themselves overtaking or going around an obstacle;

5) in tunnels, at narrowings of the road, at the end of an ascent, and on other sections of roads with limited visibility;

6) of a vehicle with a flashing blue beacon and a special audible signal switched on;

7) of vehicles with flashing blue and red beacons and a special audible signal switched on, as well as of vehicles escorted by them.

78. Stopping and parking of vehicles is permitted on the right side of the road, near the sidewalk or shoulder, and in their absence, at the edge of the carriageway. In the case provided for in point 81 of the Rules, parking is also permitted at the edge of the sidewalk.

(point 78 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

79. In populated areas, stopping and parking on the left side of the carriageway is permitted:

1) on roads with one traffic lane in each direction that have no tramway tracks in the middle;

2) on one-way roads (trucks with a permissible maximum mass exceeding 3.5 t are permitted only to stop for loading or unloading, as well as for a passenger to board or alight);

(point 79 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

80. A vehicle shall be positioned parallel to the edge of the carriageway in a single row, except in places (local widening of the carriageway) where markings permit other arrangements of vehicles. Two-wheeled vehicles without a sidecar are permitted to be parked in two rows.

81. Stopping for the purpose of parking at the edge of a sidewalk adjoining the carriageway is permitted only for passenger cars, motorcycles, mopeds, and bicycles, where sign 6.4 "Parking place" and one of plaques 8.6.2, 8.6.3, 8.6.6–8.6.9 "Method of positioning a vehicle in parking places" are present.

82. Outside populated areas, parking for the purpose of extended rest, overnight stay, or other purposes is permitted only in areas specifically designated for this purpose or outside the boundaries of the road.

83. In the event of a forced stop in a place where stopping is prohibited, after complying with the requirements of points 22 and 23 of the Rules, the driver must take all necessary measures to remove the vehicle from that place.

84. Stopping is prohibited:

1) on sidewalks, except for the cases specified in point 61, as well as on tramway tracks and immediately next to them, if this impedes the movement of trams;

2) on railway crossings, in tunnels, as well as on overpasses, bridges, flyovers, and underneath them;

3) in places where the distance between the stopped vehicle and a solid line (except one marking the edge of the carriageway), or a median strip, or the opposite edge of the carriageway, or any obstacle is less than 3 m;

4) on pedestrian crossings and closer than 5 m from the boundaries of pedestrian crossings (toward the carriageway);

5) on the carriageway near dangerous bends of the road and convex breaks of the longitudinal profile, where road visibility in at least one direction is less than 100 m;

6) at intersections, at crossings of carriageways, and closer than 5 m from the edge of the intersecting carriageway, except on the side of a three-way crossing of carriageways separated by a solid line or a median strip (opposite the side that has no continuation);

7) closer than 15 m from stopping points for public transport vehicles marked by marking 1.17, or, in the absence of such marking, from signs indicating stopping points for public transport vehicles or taxi parking areas;

8) in places where the vehicle would prevent road users from seeing traffic light signals, road signs, or would otherwise restrict visibility for drivers of other vehicles and pedestrians.

(point 84 as amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended, supplemented, revised 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

85. Stopping of public transport vehicles is also prohibited outside the stopping points for public transport vehicles, except in cases of forced stopping.

86. Parking is prohibited:

1) in places where stopping is prohibited;

2) (subparagraph has lost force 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

3) outside populated areas, on the carriageway of roads marked with road sign 2.1 "Main road";

4) closer than 50 m from railway crossings.

(point 86 revised, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

87. When making a right or left turn and exiting an intersection, the driver must not create an obstacle for pedestrians crossing the carriageway and must give way to cyclists travelling along the bicycle path.

(paragraph 87 as amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

88. It is prohibited to enter an intersection or a crossing of carriageways if a traffic jam has formed that would force the driver to stop, thereby obstructing the movement of other vehicles.

(paragraph 88 supplemented, amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

Controlled intersections

89. An intersection at which the order of traffic movement is determined by the signals of a traffic controller or a traffic light is considered controlled.

90. When making a left turn or a U-turn on a green traffic light signal, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to vehicles travelling from the opposite direction straight ahead or turning right. Tram drivers must be guided by the same rule with respect to one another.

91. A driver travelling in the direction indicated by the arrow of an additional section switched on simultaneously with a yellow or red traffic light signal must give way to vehicles travelling from other directions.

92. If the signals of the traffic controller or the traffic light permit simultaneous movement of a tram and non-rail vehicles, then, regardless of the direction of travel, the tram driver has the right of way. However, when travelling in the direction indicated by the arrow of an additional section switched on simultaneously with a yellow or red traffic light signal, the tram driver must give way to vehicles approaching from other directions.

(paragraph 92 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

93. A driver who has entered an intersection on a permitting traffic light signal must clear it in the direction chosen, regardless of the traffic light signal at the exit; however, if at the intersection, ahead of the traffic lights installed in the direction of the vehicle's travel, there is marking 1.12 "Stop line" (or signs 6.16 "Stop line"), the driver must be guided by the signals of each traffic light.

94. The driver must give way to vehicles that have not yet completed crossing the carriageway and must not obstruct pedestrians completing their crossing of the intersection, even if the permitting traffic light signal has already come on.

(paragraph 94 as amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

Uncontrolled intersections

95. An intersection at which there is no traffic light or traffic controller, the traffic light is not functioning, or a flashing yellow traffic light signal is switched on, is considered uncontrolled.

96. The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection of unequal roads by the minor road must give way to vehicles travelling along the major road, regardless of the direction of their further travel.

97. If the major road changes direction at the intersection, drivers travelling along it must, in their actions with respect to one another, be guided by the rules for passing through intersections of equal roads. Drivers of vehicles travelling along minor roads must be guided by the same rules with respect to one another.

98. At an intersection of equal roads, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to vehicles approaching from the right. Tram drivers must be guided by the same rule with respect to one another. At such an intersection, a tram, regardless of the direction of travel, has the right of way over non-rail vehicles.

(paragraph 98 amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

99. When making a left turn or a U-turn, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to vehicles travelling along the equal road from the opposite direction straight ahead or turning right.

100. At uncontrolled intersections, a tram driver, regardless of the direction of travel, has the right of way over drivers of non-rail vehicles travelling along the equal road in the same or opposite direction.

(paragraph 100 as amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

101. If the driver cannot determine the condition of the road surface (during darkness, due to mud, snow, etc.) and priority signs are absent, the driver must assume that they are on a minor road.

102. The concepts of a controlled and an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing are analogous to the concepts of a controlled and an uncontrolled intersection, established by points 89 and 95 of these Rules.

103. The driver of a vehicle shall not create an obstacle for pedestrians crossing the carriageway at uncontrolled pedestrian crossings.

(point 103 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-Ն)

104. If any vehicle has slowed down or stopped before an uncontrolled pedestrian crossing, the drivers of other vehicles moving in adjacent lanes may continue moving only after making sure that there are no pedestrians in front of that vehicle.

105. At controlled pedestrian crossings, after the permitting traffic signal comes on, the driver shall give pedestrians the opportunity to complete crossing the carriageway in the direction they have chosen.

106. If a traffic jam forms beyond a pedestrian crossing, it is prohibited to enter the crossing if this would force the driver to stop on the pedestrian crossing.

107. In all cases, including outside pedestrian crossings, the driver shall not create an obstacle for blind pedestrians crossing the carriageway.

(point 107 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-Ն)

108. Blind pedestrians shall signal their actions with a white cane.

(point 108 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-Ն)

109. Drivers of vehicles may cross railway tracks only at railway level crossings, giving way to the train (locomotive, draisine).

110. When approaching a railway level crossing, the driver must be guided by the instructions of the crossing attendant, the requirements of the traffic lights, signs, and markings intended to regulate traffic at railway level crossings, and the position of the barrier, and must make sure that no train (locomotive, draisine) is approaching the crossing.

111. In cases where movement across the crossing is prohibited, the driver must stop at marking 1.12 "Stop Line", sign 2.5 "No Stopping", or the traffic light, and if these are absent, not less than 5 m from the barrier, and if the barrier is also absent, at a distance of not less than 10 m from the nearest rail.

112. In the event of a forced stop on the crossing, the driver must:

1) immediately let the passengers off and take measures to clear the crossing;

2) if possible, send two people along the track in each direction from the crossing to a distance of 1000 m (or one, toward the side with poorer visibility), explaining to them the procedure for giving a stop signal to the driver of the approaching train;

3) remain by the vehicle and give the general alarm signal.

(paragraph has lost force as of 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

4) upon seeing the train, run to meet it, giving the stop signal

The general alarm signal consists of one long and three short audible signals given in succession, and the accepted stop signal given to the train driver is a circular movement of the hand (by day — with a brightly colored cloth or any other clearly visible object; by night — with a torch or lantern).

(clause 112 amended, supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

113. The driver is prohibited from entering the crossing:

1) when the barrier is closed or closing (regardless of the traffic light signal);

2) when the traffic light shows a prohibiting signal (regardless of the presence or position of the barrier);

3) if a traffic jam has formed beyond the crossing that would force the driver to stop on the crossing;

4) if a train (locomotive, draisine) is approaching the crossing within visible range;

5) when the crossing attendant gives a prohibiting signal;

A prohibiting signal from the crossing attendant is the attendant standing chest or back turned toward the driver, a raised signal disc, a red lantern, a flag raised above the head, or arms extended to the sides.

114. The driver is also prohibited from:

1) driving into the opposing traffic lane to go around vehicles stopped in front of the crossing;

2) opening the barrier without authorization;

3) transporting across the crossing agricultural, road, construction, and other machines and mechanisms that are not in transport configuration;

4) without the permission of the head of the railway section, moving across the crossing with slow-moving machines at a speed below 8 km/h and with tractors towing sledges.

(clause 114 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

115. A motorway is a road within the zone of effect of road sign 5.1 "Motorway", which has no at-grade intersections or junctions with other roads, railway crossings or tram lines, pedestrian crossings or bicycle paths, does not serve roadside areas, and on which opposing carriageways are separated by a dividing strip or a road barrier. The beginning and end of a road classified as a motorway are marked with signs 5.1 "Motorway" and 5.2 "End of Motorway".

116. On motorways it is prohibited:

1) for pedestrians to move about, or to drive pack, riding or other animals;

2) for bicycles, mopeds, animal-drawn carts (sledges), tractors and self-propelled machines, and vehicles whose speed, owing to their technical characteristics or condition, does not exceed 40 km/h, to travel;

3) for trucks with a permitted maximum mass exceeding 3.5 t to travel in any lane to the left of the second lane;

4) to stop outside the special parking areas equipped with signs 6.4 "Parking Place" or 7.11 "Rest Area";

5) to enter technological breaks in the dividing strip, except for vehicles performing road maintenance or cleaning works;

6) to reverse;

7) to conduct driving instruction.

(paragraph 116 supplemented on 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

117. The requirements of this section also apply to roads marked with sign 5.3 "Road for Motor Vehicles", and the requirements of subparagraph 5 of paragraph 116 also apply to public roads.

(paragraph 117 supplemented on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

118. A residential area is a built-up territory whose entrance and exit are marked with road signs 5.21 "Residential area" and 5.22 "End of residential area".

119. In a residential area, pedestrians are permitted to move both on sidewalks and on the carriageway. In a residential area, pedestrians have priority, but they must not unduly obstruct the movement of vehicles.

(paragraph 119 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

120. When leaving a residential area, drivers must yield the right of way to drivers of other vehicles and must not create obstacles for pedestrians.

(paragraph 120 as amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

121. In residential areas, the following are prohibited:

1) instructional driving;

2) through traffic;

3) parking with the engine running;

4) parking of trucks with a permitted maximum mass exceeding 3.5 t and buses (except minibuses) outside places designated and equipped for this purpose with signs and (or) markings.

122. The requirements of this section shall also apply to courtyard areas which are not marked with road sign 5.21 "Residential area" but are enclosed along their entire perimeter by residential buildings.

123. Outside intersections, where tram tracks cross the carriageway, a tram has priority over non-rail vehicles, except when it is leaving the depot.

124. On roads marked with signs 5.14 "Lane for public transport vehicles", 5.11 "Road with a lane for public transport vehicles", 5.13.1 and 5.13.2 "Exit onto a road with a lane for public transport vehicles", and having a lane for public transport vehicles, the movement and stopping of other vehicles on that lane is prohibited. If the lane for public transport vehicles is separated from the rest of the carriageway by a broken (dashed) marking line, then, when entering a road with such a lane, it is permitted to enter that lane on condition of immediately moving over to the adjacent lane. It is also permitted to enter lanes marked with such a line both for setting down and picking up passengers and for making a U-turn from that road. When entering and exiting lanes marked as indicated, drivers must give way to drivers of public transport vehicles, and must also not obstruct their movement when passengers are being set down and picked up on such lanes.

(Paragraph 124 supplemented, restated in a new wording 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

125. Drivers of public transport vehicles setting off from stopping points equipped and marked within populated areas have priority in movement, but may set off only after making sure that vehicles approaching in the adjacent lane do not create an obstacle for them.

(Paragraph 125 restated in a new wording 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

126. Drivers must not create an obstacle for pedestrians approaching a public transport vehicle stopped at a stopping point, or moving away from it (from the side of the doors), where boarding and alighting are carried out from the carriageway or from a boarding platform located on the carriageway.

(Paragraph 126 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

127. During hours of darkness and in conditions of insufficient visibility, irrespective of road illumination, as well as in tunnels, vehicles in motion must have the following lighting devices switched on:

1) on all power-driven vehicles and mopeds — the high beam or low beam of the headlights; on bicycles — lamps or lights; and on horse-drawn carts — lights (if fitted);

2) on trailers and towed power-driven vehicles — the position (marker) lights.

128. The high beam of the headlights must be switched to low beam:

1) in populated areas, if the road is illuminated;

2) at a distance of not less than 150 m from an oncoming vehicle, or at a greater distance if the driver of that vehicle, by periodically switching the headlight beam, signals the need for this;

3) in any other cases — in order to exclude the possibility of dazzling drivers of oncoming and vehicles travelling in the same direction.

(Paragraph 128 amended 20.11.08 N 1373-N, amended and supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

129. If dazzled, the driver must switch on the hazard warning signal and, without changing the traffic lane, reduce speed, and if necessary, stop.

130. During hours of darkness, on unlit sections of the road, and in conditions of insufficient visibility — irrespective of road illumination — the vehicle's position (marker) lights must be switched on when stopping and parking. In conditions of insufficient visibility, the low beam of the headlights, fog lamps, or rear fog lights may additionally be switched on together with the position lights.

(Paragraph 130 restated 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

131. Rear fog lights may be used only in conditions of insufficient visibility.

132. Fog lamps on vehicles in motion may be used:

1) during hours of darkness on unlit sections of roads — simultaneously with the low beam or high beam of the headlights;

2) in conditions of insufficient visibility — either separately or simultaneously with the low beam or high beam of the headlights;

3) in place of the low beam of the headlights — in the cases provided for in paragraph 133 of the Rules.

(Paragraph 132 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

133. During daylight hours, for the purpose of identifying a vehicle in motion, the low beam of the headlights must be switched on:

1) on motorcycles and mopeds;

2) when travelling in an organized transport column;

3) on public-use vehicles travelling along a specially designated lane against the main traffic flow;

4) when carrying out organized transportation of groups of children;

5) when transporting large-dimension, heavy, dangerous cargo and non-decontaminated containers;

6) when towing power-driven vehicles (on the towing vehicle).

134. Spotlights and searchlights may be used only outside populated areas — in the absence of oncoming and vehicles travelling in the same direction. Within populated areas such lights may be used only by drivers of vehicles fitted, in the prescribed manner, with blue or blue-and-red flashing beacons and a special sound signal — while performing an official assignment.

(Paragraph 134 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

135. The «Road Train» identification sign must be switched on for a road train that is in motion (except for passenger cars coupled with a trailer), and during hours of darkness and in conditions of insufficient visibility, taking into account the requirements of paragraph 130 of the Rules, also when stopping and parking.

(Paragraph 135 amended and supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

136. Sound signals may be used only:

1) to warn other drivers of an intention to overtake outside populated areas;

2) in cases where this is necessary to prevent a road traffic accident.

137. To warn of overtaking, a light signal may be given instead of (or simultaneously with) the sound signal, consisting, during daylight hours, of periodic switching on and off of the headlights, and, during hours of darkness, of repeated switching of the headlight beam from low to high.

138. Towing by a rigid or flexible coupling shall be carried out with a driver present at the steering wheel of the towed vehicle, except in cases where the design of the rigid coupling ensures that, during straight-line travel, the towed vehicle follows the path of the towing vehicle.

139. When towing by a rigid or flexible coupling, it is prohibited to carry passengers in the towed bus, trolleybus, or in the cargo bed of a truck. When towing by the partial-loading method, it is prohibited for persons to be present either in the cab or cargo bed of the towed vehicle, or in the cargo bed of the towing vehicle.

140. The distance maintained between the towing and towed vehicles shall be: 4-6 m when towing by a flexible coupling, and not more than 4 m when towing by a rigid coupling.

141. When towing mechanical vehicles, in order to make the flexible connecting link visible, it shall be equipped with warning devices — flags or panels bearing alternating diagonal red and white stripes 50 mm wide, with a reflective surface measuring 200 x 200 mm. No fewer than two warning devices shall be installed on the flexible connecting link.

142. The design of the rigid coupling device shall comply with the requirements of the relevant standards.

143. Towing is prohibited:

1) of two or more mechanical vehicles;

2) of motorcycles without a side attachment, as well as by such motorcycles;

3) in icy conditions — by a flexible coupling;

4) of vehicles whose windshield wipers and windshield washers provided for by the design are not functioning, in cases where the towed vehicle is steered by a driver;

5) of vehicles whose steering system is not functioning (except when towing by the partial-loading method);

6) of a vehicle whose braking system is not functioning and whose actual mass exceeds half the actual mass of the towing vehicle. Where the actual mass of the towed vehicle is less than half the actual mass of the towing vehicle, towing is permitted only by a rigid coupling or by the partial-loading method.

(clause 143 as amended on 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

144. For the purposes of sub-clauses 5 and 6 of clause 143 of the Rules, the steering system and braking system shall be deemed non-functioning if they do not allow the driver to change the direction of travel or to stop the vehicle even when travelling at minimum speed.

(clause 144 as amended on 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

145. Initial training in driving vehicles shall be conducted on closed areas or driving ranges.

146. Driving instruction on roads shall be permitted only in the presence of the instructor. The trainee must know and be able to comply with the requirements of the Rules.

(clause 146 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

147. An instructor providing individual instruction must carry a driving licence entitling them to drive vehicles of the relevant category.

148. A trainee driving a vehicle must be at least 16 years of age.

(clause 148 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

149. Driving instruction shall be permitted on roads designated by local self-government bodies (in Yerevan — by the Mayor of Yerevan).

(clause 149 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

150. Category "C" vehicles (trucks) are permitted to carry up to 8 passengers; where a greater number of persons is carried, the driver must also hold a driving licence for category "D" or "DE", or subcategory "D1" or "D1E" vehicles.

(paragraph 150 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

151. Before setting off, the driver of a truck must instruct the passengers on the procedure for boarding, positioning themselves in the cargo bed, and alighting, and on the requirement not to leave their seat while the vehicle is moving. The vehicle may be set in motion only after the driver has ascertained that the conditions for the safe carriage of passengers have been ensured.

(paragraph 151 supplemented 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

152. In the cargo bed of a truck, as well as in the passenger compartment of buses operating on intercity or tourist routes or carrying organized groups of children, the number of persons must not exceed the number of fitted seats.

153. The carriage of persons in the cargo bed of a side-board truck is permitted where it is fitted with seats secured at least 0.3 m below the top edge of the side board and at a height of 0.3-0.5 m above the floor. Seats fitted along the rear or side boards must have sturdy backrests.

(paragraph 153 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

154. In the cargo bed of a side-board truck not fitted out for the carriage of persons, only persons accompanying the cargo or travelling to receive it may remain during motion, provided that they are provided with seats installed in accordance with the specifications set out in paragraph 153 of these Rules.

(paragraph 154 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

155. When organized groups of children are carried by bus or by a van-bodied truck, they must be accompanied by at least one adult chaperone. Such vehicles must be fitted, at the front and rear, with the "Children being transported" identification sign.

(paragraph 155 supplemented, amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

156. Vehicles fitted with the "Children being transported" identification sign must have their hazard warning signal switched on while children are boarding or alighting. When approaching such vehicles, drivers must reduce speed and, if necessary, stop in order to let the children cross the carriageway unimpeded.

(paragraph 156 restated 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

157. The driver must keep the doors closed until the vehicle has come to a complete stop, and only thereafter allow passengers to board or alight; the vehicle must not be set in motion until the doors have been closed.

(paragraph 157 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

158. The carriage of persons is prohibited:

1) outside the cab of an automobile (except in cases of carrying persons in the cargo bed of a side-board truck or in a van body), tractor, or other self-propelled machine, in a cargo trailer, a caravan trailer, in the cargo bed of a goods-carrying motor vehicle, and outside the seats provided for by the design of a motorcycle;

2) in excess of the number provided for by the technical specifications of the vehicle.

(paragraph 158 amended 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

159. It is prohibited to carry children under 12 years of age:

1) in the cargo bed of a truck (except a van-bodied truck);

2) on the rear seat of a motorcycle;

3) in a passenger car:

a. in the front seat, if it is not fitted with a child restraint device,

b. in the rear seat by means of other devices placed on it (a cushion, etc.), while unsecured by the seat belts provided for by the design and fitted therein.

(paragraph 159 restated 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

160. The mass of the load being carried and the distribution of the load among the axles shall not exceed the values established by the manufacturer for the given vehicle.

161. Before setting off and while driving, the driver shall monitor the condition, placement and securing of the load in order to prevent it from falling or otherwise creating an obstruction to traffic.

162. Where a load projects more than 1 m beyond the front or rear overall dimensions of the vehicle, or more than 0.4 m beyond its side overall dimensions measured from the outer edge of the outline marker lamp, the load shall, during daylight hours, be marked with the "Long Load" identification sign, and during darkness and in conditions of poor visibility, additionally with a white lamp or reflector at the front and a red lamp or reflector at the rear.

(Clause 162 supplemented 20.11.08 N 1373-N)

163. The movement of the following vehicles shall be governed by special rules established by the legislation of the Republic of Armenia:

1) vehicles used for the carriage of heavy, dangerous loads or undecontaminated containers;

2) vehicles operated together with two or more trailers as part of a road train;

3) vehicles whose overall dimensions (or any one of them), whether loaded or unloaded, exceed:

a. in width — 2.55 m (for vehicles with an insulated or refrigerated body — 2.6 m),

b. in length — 12 m, and with one trailer (semi-trailer) — 20 m,

c. in height (measured from the surface of the carriageway) — 4 m;

4) vehicles whose load projects more than 2 m beyond the rear overall dimensions.

(Clause 163 amended and restated 20.11.08 N 1373-N, 15.12.11 N 1798-N)

164. The carriage of a load is prohibited if it

1) restricts the driver's field of vision;

2) impedes control of the vehicle or reduces its stability;

3) obscures the external lighting devices and reflectors, the registration plates or identification signs, or interferes with the perception of hand signals;

4) causes significant noise, raises dust or pollutes the road and the surrounding environment.

165. If the condition and arrangement of the load do not permit its carriage in accordance with the requirements of these Rules, the driver shall take measures to eliminate the violations or shall discontinue further movement.

166. Road signs, markings and their numbering shall conform to the standards.

167. Road signs are divided into 8 groups:

1) warning signs;

2) priority signs;

3) prohibitory signs;

4) mandatory signs;

5) special regulation signs;

6) information signs;

7) service signs;

8) additional information signs (plates).

168. Road markings are applied independently or together with road signs and traffic lights.

169. Road markings are divided into 2 groups:

1) horizontal;

2) vertical.

170. Horizontal marking consists of lines, arrows, inscriptions and other markings on the carriageway and establishes a specific regime and order of traffic. Horizontal marking may be:

1) permanent, which is white in colour, except:

a. markings 1.4, 1.10, 1.14.1, 1.14.2, which are yellow in colour,

b. marking 1.17, which is red in colour;

2) temporary, which is orange in colour.

(Point 170 as amended by N 737-N of 07.06.12)

171. Vertical marking is a combination of black and white, or blue and white, or red and white stripes on road structures and equipment elements, indicating their dimensions and serving as a means of visual orientation.

(Point 171 as amended by N 737-N of 07.06.12)

172. If the requirements of permanently installed signs contradict the requirements of temporary signs installed on movable stands, road users must be guided by the temporary signs.

173. If the meanings of traffic light signals contradict the requirements of priority signs, drivers must be guided by the traffic light signals.

174. If the requirements of markings contradict the requirements of temporary signs installed on a movable stand, road users must be guided by those signs. If the requirements of temporary and permanent markings contradict each other, drivers must be guided by the requirements of the temporary marking.

175. Vehicle identification marks shall, where necessary, be installed or depicted on vehicles. Apart from the "Doctor" and "Disabled Person" identification marks, which are installed at the driver's discretion, the installation of all other identification marks is mandatory where the circumstance they denote is present.